Tuesday, February 27, 2007

Analyzations of Alexander II's "Imperial Decree, March 3,1861" and Abraham Lincoln's "Emancipation Proclamation"

The author of the "Imperial Decree, March 3, 1861," is of course Alexander II of Russia. The audience is all of Russia, the wealthy, landowning aristocrats, the army, and the peasant class. The purpose is to free all the serfs, and provide some compensation for both classes involved, the landowners (who are now losing their laborers) and the serfs (who have no protection or means of living). It was a step toward reform in Russia, which after a humiliating defeat, forced them to industrialize. It was a necessary move to industrialization, as there was no established middle, working class to take up these jobs or begin these businesses.
The author of the "Emancipation Proclamation" was Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States of America. This country was engaged in a civil war that was mainly focused on the secession of southern states due to tensions on the issue of slavery. It was issued in the 3rd year of the war, in January 1st, 1863. Like the previous document, it was addressed to all the people of the nation (and not really Russians, but citizens of the Union). It's significance was that it freed all slaves in the country, but it was really intended to validate the Civil War and its causes.
The most obvious difference is that the Russian decree contained provisions for compensations to both parties, whereas the Emancipation (whose direct reason for issuance was not slavery) does not. Alexander justifies his actions by saying that the serfs are subject to inalienable rights and it is long overdue their freedoms, while Lincoln argues that the Union, once forged, cannot be divided and that states who try to secede should be forced to remain in the Union. President Lincoln sees the secessions as armed rebellions, and not legal secessions. To a certain degree, both were effective. But for the most part, Russia and the US had a great deal of problems that followed. It was hard for both countries' slaves to adjust to this new freedom, and a lot of reform and regulations had to be implemented.

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